Παρουσίαση/Προβολή

Course syllabus and bibliography

1. Introduction to Landscape Archaeology (Aimilia Banou) 

Course Unit 1 introduces Landscape Archaeology and examines its development from its genesis in the mid 1970’s to nowadays. It first presents ecological/environmental archaeology with its multidisciplinary focus, and assesses its impact on archaeological methods and practices in the field. It then presents the theoretical advances in landscape studies in the last thirty years, and demonstrates their instrumental role in the development of archaeology theory. 


Suggested reading


• Ashmore, W., Knapp, A. B. (eds.), Archaeologies of Landscape: Contemporary Perspectives. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1999.
• Casey, E., The Fate of Place: A Philosophical History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.
• Cosgrove, D. E., Social Formation and Symbolic Landscape. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1998.
• David, B., Thomas, J. (eds), Handbook of Landscape Archaeology. California: Left Coast Press, 2008.
• Feld, S., Basso, K. H. (eds), Senses of Place. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, 1996.
• Schiffer, M.B., Formation Processes of the Archaeological Record. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1987.
• Tilley, C., A Phenomenology of Landscape. Oxford: Berg, 1994.

2. Interpreting Cultural Landscape I: The Material Space (Eleni Zimi) 

Course Unit 2 examines the following themes:

• Settlement establishment and settlement distribution: theories and models of settlement patterning

• The rural landscape and its transformation

• Communication and trade

Suggested reading


• Alcock, S.E., Graecia Capta: The Landscapes of Roman Greece. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

• The following chapters from Morris, I. (ed.), Classical Greece: Ancient Histories and Modern Archaeologies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994:
  • Alcock, S.E., “Breaking Up the Hellenistic World: Survey and Society”, 171-190. 

  • Alcock, S.E., Cherry, J.F., Davis, J.L., “Intensive Survey, Agricultural Practice and 
the Classical Landscape of Greece”, 137-170.

• Pettergrew, D.K., Chasing the Classical Farmstead: Assessing the Formation and Signature of Rural Settlement in Greek Landscape Archaeology, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 14 (2001) 189-209.

• The following chapters from Ucko P.J., Tringham, R., Dimbleby, G.W., Man, settlement and urbanism. Proceedings of a meeting of the Research Seminar in Archaeology and Related Subjects held at the Institute of Archaeology, London University. London: Duckworth, 1972. 

  • Blouet, B.W., "Factors influencing the evolution of settlement patterns", 3-16. 

  • Rouse, I., "Settlement pattern in Archaeology", 95-108. 

  • Allan, W., "Ecology, techniques and settlement patterns", 211-226. 

  • Humphreys, S.C., "Town and country in ancient Greece", 763-768. 

• Walsh, K., The Archaeology of Mediterranean Landscapes. Human-Environment Interaction from the Neolithic to the Roman Era. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 


3. Interpreting Cultural Landscape II: The Social Space (Eleni Zimi) 

Course Unit 3 examines the following themes:

• Social interaction and structure: classification of societies, society scale, social organization
• Construction of social identities and social ideology: social hierarchy, gender relations

Suggested reading


• Cifani, G., Stoddart, S. (eds), Landscape, Ethnicity and Identity in the Archaic Mediterranean area. Oxford: Oxbow, 2012.

• The following chapters from Bintliff, J., Sbonias, K., Reconstructing Past Population Trends in Mediterranean Europe (3000 BC – AD 1800). The Archaeology of Mediterranean Landscapes (eds G. Barker, D. Mattingly), Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxbow, 1999:
  • Sbonias, K., “Introduction to issues in demography and survey”, 1-20. 

  • Bintliff, J., “Regional surveys and population cycles”, 21-34. 

  • Andreou, S., Kotsakis, K., “Counting people in an artefact-poor landscape. The 
Langadas case, Macedonia, Greece”, 35-44. 

  • Stoddart, S., “Beyond historical demography: the contribution of archaeological 
survey”, 129-132.
  • Zubrow, E., Robinson, J., “Chance and the human population: population growth 
in the Mediterranean”, 133-144. 

  • Smith, M., “The potential of historical demography for regional studies”, 145-152. 

• Meskell, L., Preucel, R.W. (eds), A Companion to Social Archaeology. Oxford: Blackwell, 2004.

• Bintliff, J., “Spatial analysis of past built environment: houses and society in the Aegean from the Early Iron Age till the impact of Rome”. In: Paliou, E., Lieberwirth, U., Polla, S. (eds), Spatial Analysis and Social Spaces. Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Interpretation of Prehistoric and Historic Built environments. Topoi. Berlin Studies of the Ancient World, 18. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter, 2014, 263-276.
• Renfrew, C. (ed.), Approaches to Social Archaeology. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1984.

• Rockman, M., Steele, J. (eds), Colonization of Unfamiliar Landscapes: The Archaeology of Adaptation. Abington, Oxon and New York: Routledge, 2003.

4. Interpreting Cultural Landscape III: The Symbolic Space (Aimilia Banou) 

Course Unit 4 investigates the impact of symbolic aspects of past human act or behaviour on the landscape, such as cult and religion, the attitude towards death and cosmology. It explores how material remains with a strong symbolic component, i.e. cult places, buildings and constructions, cultic implements, burials and burial monuments, point to the transformation of the natural landscape into a symbolic one.

Objectives 

After successfully completing the course, the students will be able to:

• describe and assess the role of monumental architecture in denoting social stratification 

• correlate natural landscape features with human choices of religious spaces and 
comment on the symbolic significance of this interrelation
• discuss the relation of monumental funerary architecture to cosmological beliefs 

• discuss relevant case studies. 


Suggested reading


• Ilson, T. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Ritual and Religion, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

• Preziosi, D., Hitchcock, L.A., Aegean Art and Architecture, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

• Renfrew, C., The Archaeology of Cult: The Sanctuary at Phylakopi, London: The British School of Archaeology at Athens, 1985.

• Ruggles, C.L.N, Ancient Astronomy: An Encyclopedia of Cosmologies and Myth, Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio, 2005.

• Warren, P.M., Minoan Religion as Ritual Action, Göteborg: Paul Åströms Förlag, 1988. 


5. Archaeomaterials: Pottery I – Prehistory (Aimilia Banou)

Course Unit 5 demonstrates the importance of pottery as a primary source of information for the study of the human past. It discusses pottery manufacture, use, production and distribution as essential tools for understanding and assessing technology, economic, social and politicalorganization, and religious beliefs of past human societies. It also presents the crucial role of pottery as a traditional basic dating method in archaeology through classification and stratigraphy. Case studies discussed within the framework of the course are drawn from Aegean prehistory.

Objectives

After successfully completing the course, the students will be able to:

• explain the way pottery manufacture is connected to technology
• describe how pottery classification may be used for relative dating
• understand pottery use in connection with economic and social organization on an one-site scale
• discuss pottery distribution as evidence for exchange and trade
• assess the role of pottery as a manifestation of social and political organization and status
• understand pottery iconography as a mean of expressing religious ideas on the basis of relevant cases.

Suggested reading

General

• Fagan, B.M., A Brief Introduction, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999.
• Orton, C., Tyers, P., Vince, A., Pottery in Archaeology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
• Renfrew, C., Bahn, P., Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice, London: Thames and Hudson, 2000.
• Sinopoli, C., Approaches to Archaeological Ceramics, New York and London: Plenum Press, 1991.

Culture interaction in the Aegean

• The following chapters from Shelmerdine, C. (ed.) (2010), The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press:
  • Broodbank, C., “The Early Bronze Age in the Cyclades”, 47-76.
  • Younger, J., Rehak P., “The Material Culture of Neopalatial Crete”, 140-164.
  • Davis, J., “Minoan Crete and the Aegean Islands”, 186-208.
  • Betancourt, Ph., “Minoan Trade”, 209-229.
  • Wright, J.C., “Early Mycenaean Greece”, 230-257.
  • Shelmerdine, C., Bennet, J., “Economy and Administration”, 289-381.
  • Mee, C., “Mycenaean Greece, the Aegean and Beyond”, 362-381.

6. Archaeomaterials: Pottery II – Historical period (Eleni Zimi)

Excavated in quantities greater than any other archaeological material, pottery is invaluable for the archaeologist. Course Unit 6 explores the cultural history and technology of ancient Greek pottery between 1050 and 31 BC. It focuses on several aspects of their manufacture and decoration, such as clay processing, the use of slip, kilns, and firing techniques. It also taps into the visual language of painted pottery in order to demonstrate its importance as a source of information for the religious, private, and public life of the ancient Greeks. Last, but not least, it highlights the political, social, and economic role of pottery through specific case studies pertaining to ancient Greece.

Suggested reading

• Cuomo di Caprio, N., Ceramics in Archaeology: From Prehistoric to Medieval times in Europe and the Mediterranean: Ancient Craftsmanship and Modern Laboratory Techniques, Manuali L'erma - Multilanguage Manuals, Rome 2017.
• Cohen B., The Colors of Clay. Special Techniques in Athenian Vases, Los Angeles, The J. Paul. Getty Museum, 2006.
• Johnston, A., Greek vases in the marketplace, in: T. Rasmussen and N. Spivey (eds), Looking at Greek Vases, Cambridge and New York, Cambridge University Press, 1991.
• Lynch, K.M., The Symposium in Context: Pottery from a Late Archaic House near the Athenian Agora, Hesperia Suppl.46.   Princeton:  American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 2011.
• Noble, J.V., The Techniques of Painted pottery, Revised edition, London 1988.
• Schreiber, T., Athenian Vase Construction. A Potter’s Analysis, Malibu 1999.
• Sparkes, B.A., The red and the black. Studies in Greek pottery, London and New York 1996.
• Sparkes, B.A., Greek Pottery. An Introduction, Manchester/N. York 1991.
• Spivey, N., Greek vases in Etruria, in: T. Rasmussen and N. Spivey (eds), Looking at Greek Vases, Cambridge and New York, Cambridge University Press, 1991.

7. Archaeomaterials: Pottery III – Late Roman and Medieval periods (Maria Xanthopoulou)

Course Unit 7 focuses on specific categories of Late Roman and Byzantine ceramic products and what they tell us about (a) social and ethnic identity, (b) fashion, aspirations, and changing dietary habits, (c) exchange patterns and trade routes.

Suggested reading

General

• Orton, C.,Tyers, P., Vince, A., Pottery in Archaeology, Cambridge 1993.
• Rice, P. M., Pottery Analysis. A Sourcebook, Chicago and London
• Sinopoli, C., Approaches to Archaeological Ceramics, New York and London 1991.
• Renfrew, C., Bahn, P., Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice, London 2000.

Late Roman and Byzantine wares

• Armstrong, P., “Ceramics”. In: E. Jeffreys, J. Haldon, R. Cormack, The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies, Oxford 2008, 429-443.
• Gerstel, S.E.J. and Lauffenburger J. (eds), A Lost Art Rediscovered, The Architectural Ceramics of Byzantium, Baltimore 2001.
• Hayes, J.W., Handbook of Mediterranean Roman Pottery, London
• Rautman, M.L., Handmade Pottery and Social Change: The View from Late Roman Cyprus, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 11/1 (1998).

Ceramics and trade in Byzantium 

• Decker, M., “Export Wine Trade to West and East”, In: M. Mundel Mango (ed.), Byzantine Trade, 4th-12th Centuries, Oxford 2009, 239-252.
• Dimopoulos, I., “Trade of Byzantine red wares, end of 11th-13th centuries”, In: M. Mundell Mango (ed.), Byzantine Trade 4th-12th centuries,Oxford 2009, 179-190.
• Karagiorgou, O., “LR2: a Container for the Military annona on the Danubian Border?”, In: S. Kingsley, M. Decker (eds), Economy and Exchange in the East Mediterranean during Late Antiquity, Oxford 2001, 131-166.
• Karagiorgou, Ο., “Mapping trade by the amphora”, In: M. Mundell Mango (ed.), Byzantine Trade 4th-12th centuries, Oxford 2009, 37-58.
• Papanikola-Bakirtzi, D., “Byzantine Glazed Ceramics on the Market”, In: C. Morrisson (ed.), Trade and Markets in Byzantium, Washington D.C. 2012, 193-216.
• Pieri, D., “Regional and interregional exchanges in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Early Byzantine period”. In: C. Morrisson (ed.), Trade and Markets in Byzantium, Washington D.C. 2012, 27-49.
• Vroom, J., “Byzantine sea trade in ceramics: Some case studies in the Eastern Mediterranean (ca. seventh to fourteenth centuries)”, In: P. Magdalino, N. Necipoğlu (eds.), Trade in Byzantium. Papers from the Third International Sevgi Gönül Byzantine Studies Symposium, Istanbul, 24-27 June 2013, Istanbul 2016, 157-177.

8. Archaeomaterials: Metal I – Prehistory (Aimilia Banou)

Course Unit 8 presents the importance of metal exploitation, circulation and trade as a main source of information for the study of human societies in the past, with emphasis put on bronze.  It discusses metal production, circulation and use as primary tools to understanding and assessing technology, economic, social and political organization of past human societies. Case studies discussed within the framework of the course are drawn from Aegean prehistory.

Objectives

After successfully completing the course, the students will be able to:

• understand the process and the technological skills involved in the extraction and production of metals
• discuss the role of metal demand and circulation in the shaping of cultural interrelations during the Bronze Age
• discuss the political dimensions of metal use and trade
• assess the significance of metal acquisition as an indicator of social status on the basis of relevant cases.

Suggested reading

General

• Betancourt, P.B., Ferrence, S.C. (eds), Metallurgy: Understanding How, Learning Why. Studies in Honor of James D. Muhly, Philadelphia: INSTAP Academic Press, 2011.
• Tzachili, I. (ed.), Aegean Metallurgy in the Bronze Age: Proceedings of an International Symposium Held at the University of Crete, Rethymnon, Greece on November 19-21, 2004, Athens: Ta Pragmata, 2008.
• Renfrew, C., Bahn, P., Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice, London: Thames and Hudson, 2000.
• Fagan, B.M., A Brief Introduction, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999.

Culture interaction in the Aegean

• The following chapters from Shelmerdine, C. (ed.) (2010), The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press:
  • Broodbank, C., “The Early Bronze Age in the Cyclades”, 47-76.
  • Younger, J., Rehak P., “The Material Culture of Neopalatial Crete”, 140-164.
  • Davis, J., “Minoan Crete and the Aegean Islands”, 186-208.
  • Betancourt, Ph. “Minoan Trade”, 209-229.
  • Wright, J.C., “Early Mycenaean Greece”, 230-257.
  • Shelmerdine, C., Bennet, J., “Economy and Administration”, 289-381.
  • Mee, C., “Mycenaean Greece, the Aegean and Beyond”, 362-381.

9. Metal II: Historical period (Greek) (Eleni Zimi)

Course Unit 9 aims to familiarize students with the metals and alloys (iron, gold, silver, bronze) used by the ancient Greeks in their daily life (1050-31 BC), as evidenced by archaeological evidence and ancient written sources. The sources of metals in Greece, the different phases in the metallurgical process (e.g. silver mining), and the manufacturing techniques of metal artefacts (e.g. statues, coins, etc.) highlight different aspects of ancient Greek technology and its achievements.

Suggested reading 

• Blakely, S., Myth, Ritual, and Metallurgy in Ancient Greece and Recent Africa, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
• Humphrey, J.W., Oleson, J.P., Sherwood, A.N., Greek and Roman technology. A sourcebook, London/N. York 1998.
• Kakavoyiannis, E., Mettala ergasima kai synkekhorimena. The organisation of the exploitation of the mineral wealth of Lavreotiki by the Athenian democracy (in Greek), Athens 2005, pp. 331-339 (English summary).
• Kostoglou, M., Iron, connectivity and local identities in the Iron Age to Classical Mediterranean, in: P. van Dommelen & A. B. Knapp (eds.), Material Connections in the ancient Mediterranean, London: Routledge, 170-189.
• Kostoglou, M., Iron and steel in Ancient Greece: artefacts, technology and social change in Aegean Thrace from Classical to Roman times, British Archaeological Reports/International Series, Oxford 2008.
• Palagia, O. (ed.), Greek Sculpture. Function, Materials, and Techniques in the Archaic and Classical Periods, Cambridge 2006.
• Shephard, R., Ancient mining, London/N. York 1993.
• Treister, Μ. Υ., The Role of Metals in Ancient Greek History (Mnemosyne, Bibliotheca Classica Batava Supplementum), Leiden 1997.
• Untracht, O., Metal Techniques for Craftsmen.  A Basic Manual for Craftsmen on the Methods of Forming and Decorating, New York 1968.

10. Metal III: Late Roman – Medieval (Maria Xanthopoulou)

Course Unit 10 examines the manufacturing techniques and uses of silver and copper in the Late Roman and Byzantine periods. It focuses on characteristic products of this period, such as tableware, church furnishings, processional crosses, and reliquaries, and their function.

Suggested reading

• Cutler, A., “The industries of art”. In: A.E. Laiou (ed.), The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century, Washington DC 2002, 555-587.
• Drandaki, A., “From Centre to Periphery and Beyond: The Diffusion of Models in Late Antique Metalware”. In: A. Eastmond – L. James (eds),Wonderful Things: Byzantium through its Art, Papers from the Forty-Second Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, London, 20-22 March 2009, Farnham/Burlington, VT, 2013, 163-184.
• Leader-Newby, R.E., Silver and Society in Late Antiquity. Functions and Meanings of Silver Plate in the Fourth to Seventh Centuries, Hants and Burlington VT 2004.
• Matschke, K.-P., “Mining”. In: A.E. Laiou (ed.), The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century, Washington DC 2002, 115-120. 
• Mundell Mango, M.,“Metalwork”. In: E. Jeffreys, J. Haldon, R. Cormack, The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies, Oxford 2008, 444-452.
• Mundell Mango, M., Continuity of fourth/fifth century silver plate in the sixth/seventh centuries in the Eastern Empire, Antiquité Tardive 5 (1997), 83-92.
• Mundell Mango, M., “Tracking Byzantine silver and copper metalware”, 4th-12th centuries. In: M. Mundell Mango (ed.), Byzantine Trade, 4th–12th centuries. The Archaeology of Local, Regional and International Exchange, Adelshot 2009, 221-236.
• Wessel, K., Die Byzantinische Emailkunst von 5 bis 13. Jahrhundert, Recklinghausen 1967 (English translation 1969).

11. Stone I: Prehistory (Aimilia Banou)

Course Unit 11 reviews stone use for monumental decoration and object manufacture. It presents the main techniques of quarrying and carving in conjunction with monumental decoration and object manufacture, and discusses their role in signifying political and social status. Case studies are drawn from Aegean prehistory.

Objectives

After successfully completing the course, the students will be able to:

• understand the process and the technological skills involved in quarrying and carving
• discuss the political and social dimensions of monumental stone decoration
• assess the acquisition of stone vessels as an indicator of social status on the basis of relevant cases.

Suggested reading

General 

• Bevan, A., Stone Vessels and Values in the Bronze Age Mediterranean, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
• Evely R.D.G., Minoan Tools and Techniques: An Introduction, Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 92: 1-2, Göthenburg and Jonsered: Åström. 2000.
• Kryszkowska, O., Aegean Seals: An Introduction, London: Institute of Classical Studies, 2005.
• Shaw, J.W., Minoan Architecture: Materials and Techniques. Studi di archeologia cretese. Padova: Bottega d’Erasmo, 2009.
• Warren, P., Minoan Stone Vases, London: Cambridge University Press, 1969.

Culture interaction in the Aegean

• The following chapters from Shelmerdine, C. (ed.) (2010), The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press:
  • Broodbank, C., “The Early Bronze Age in the Cyclades”, 47-76.
  • Younger, J., Rehak, P., “The Material Culture of Neopalatial Crete”, 140-164.
  • Davis, J., “Minoan Crete and the Aegean Islands”, 186-208.
  • Betancourt, Ph., “Minoan Trade”, 209-229.
  • Wright, J.C., “Early Mycenaean Greece”, 230-257.
  • Shelmerdine, C., Bennet, J., “Economy and Administration”, 289-381.
  • Mee, C., “Mycenaean Greece, the Aegean and Beyond”, 362-381.

12. Stone II: Historical period (Greek) (Eleni Zimi)

Limestone and marble were the main building materials in ancient Greece between the 8th and 1st century BC and, also, widely used in sculpture. Course Unit 12 aims to a) outline the types and sources of the various stones used in Greek architecture (private and public) and sculpture, b) illustrate the techniques and advances in quarrying, transporting, and fastening together the blocks of stone in ancient buildings, and c) explore the manufacturing techniques of the stone artefacts. I will also explore the subject of polychromy in ancient Greek architecture (exterior façades and roofs, interior floors, walls, and ceilings), reliefs, and statues, with a focus on materials, colours, and techniques.

Suggested reading

• Brinkmann, V., Dreyfus, R., Koch-Brinkmann, U., Gods in Color: Polychromy in the Ancient World, San Francisco: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, Legion of Honor / Munich and New York: DelMonico Books-Prestel, 2017.
• Carpenter, R., The Architects of the Parthenon, Harmondsworth 1970.
• Coulton, J.J., Ancient Greek architects at work. Problems of Structure and Design, Ithaca NY 1977.
• Jones, M.W., Origins of Classical Architecture. Temples, Orders and gifts to the Gods in ancient Greece, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2014.
• Kokkorou-Alevra, G., Poupaki, I., Efstathopoulos, A., Ancient Greek quarries. Work and space organization, mining and hewing techniques, methods of transport, cost, dissemination and use of stone, Athens 2010.
• Lawrence, A.W., Tomlinson, R.A., Greek Architecture, Yale ⁵1996.
• Korres, M., From Pentelicon to the Parthenon, Athens 1994.
• Palagia, O. (ed.), Greek Sculpture. Function, Materials, and Techniques in the Archaic and Classical Periods, Cambridge 2006.
• Pollit, J.J., The Art of Greece: Sources and Documents, Cambridge 1990.
• Rhodes, R.F., "The Earliest Greek Architecture in Corinth and the 7th-Century Temple on Temple Hill", Corinth, The Centenary: 1896-1996, Corinth, Vol. 20, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 2003, 85-94.
• Spawforth, A., The Complete Greek Temples, London 2006.
• Stewart, A., Greek Sculpture. An Exploration, New Haven 1990.

13. Stone III: Late Roman – Medieval (Maria Xanthopoulou)

Course Unit 13 focuses on the production and trade of marble and coloured stones in the Late Roman and Byzantine Empires, their uses in architectural decoration and church furnishings, and their significance.

Suggested reading

• Asgari, N., “The Proconnesian production of architectural elements in Late Antiquity, based on the evidence from the marble quarries”. In: C. Mango, G. Dagron (eds), Constantinople and Its Hinterland, Aldershot 1995, 263-288.
• Castagnino Berlinghieri, E.F. – Paribeni, A., Byzantine Merchant Ships and Marble Trade. New Data from the Central Mediterranean, Skyllis 11 (2011), 64-75.
• Harper, J.G., “The Provisioning of Marble for the Sixth-Century Churches of Ravenna: a Reconstructive Analysis”. In: R.L. Colella et al. (eds), Pratum Romanum: Richard Krautheimer zum 100. Geburtstag, Wiesbaden 1997, 131-148.
• Marano, Y.A., “The circulation of marble in the Adriatic Sea at the time of Justinian”. In: J. Herrin – J. Nelson (eds), Ravenna its role in earlier medieval change and exchange, Institute of Historical Research, University of London, School of Advanced Studies, London 2016, 111-132.
• Russell, B., The Economics of the Roman Stone Trade, Oxford, 2013.
• Sodini, J.-P., “Le commerce des marbres à l’époque protobyzantine”. In: Hommes et richesses dans l’Empire byzantine, I, IVe-VIIe siècle, Paris 1989, 163-186.
• Sodini, J.-P., “Marble and Stoneworking in Byzantium, Seventh-Fifteenth Centuries”. In: A. Laiou (ed.), Economic History of Byzantium, Washington DC 2002, 129-146.
• Ward-Perkins, J.B., “Materials, Quarries and Transportation (First Shuffrey Lecture)”. In: H. Dodge – B. Ward-Perkins (eds), Marble in Antiquity. Collected Papers of J. B. Ward-Perkins, Archaeological Monographs of the British School at Rome 6, London 1992, 13-22.